A sinus infection, otherwise known as sinusitis, is the result of inflammation or swelling of the sinus tissues. The sinuses have four pairs of cavities that are in the head, which connect by way of narrow channels. The sinuses generate mucus that is cleared out of the nose channels. The mucus drainage promotes a clean nasal cavity and keeps it free of cavities. Normally, the sinuses are filled with air but sometimes the sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid. When the sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid, the bacteria can grow and result in an infection known as bacterial sinusitis. Bacterial sinusitis is also called rhinosinusitis and the nasal tissue is generally swollen if the sinus tissue is also inflamed.
Who Can Get a Sinus Infection?
A sinus infection can happen to anyone; however, individuals who have nasal allergies, asthma, nasal polyps, or abnormal nose structures are significantly more susceptible to sinus infections. Another factor that can make people more susceptible to sinus infections are those who smoke. According to studies, about 31 people in the United States have sinusitis.
What is the Difference Between a Cold, Nasal Allergies, and a Sinus Infection?
Sometimes, it can be tough to tell the difference between cold, nasal allergies, and a sinus infection. However, here are a few distinguishable factors that can give you a better idea of each of these conditions. A common cold generally forms, reaches a peak, then slowly passes and usually lasts from a few days to a week. On the other hand, nasal allergies are caused by irritating debris, such as pollen, dust, and dander, that cause inflammation of the nose. Nasal allergy symptoms include sneezing, itchy eyes and nose, runny nose, congestion, and post nasal drip. It is important to note that sinusitis and allergy symptoms can occur at the same time as a common cold. Therefore, it is important to seek medical treatment from a doctor if you are trying to fight off a cold and develop other symptoms from nasal allergies or a sinus infection.
Is Sinusitis Contagious?
Bacterial sinusitis is not contagious; however, it is possible to spread the viruses that can lead to sinusitis. It is important to wash your hands frequently and thoroughly, as well as avoid others if you are sick. In addition, it is imperative to sneeze or cough into your elbow when sneezing and coughing in an effort to protect others from getting sick.
Common Symptoms of Sinusitis
Common symptoms of sinusitis include:
- Post nasal drip, which is characterized by mucus that drips down the throat
- Nasal discharge
- Stuffy nose
- Facial pressure, which generally occurs around the eyes, nose, and forehead or pain in your ears or teeth
- Halitosis (bad breath)
- Cough
- Dever
- Fatigue
How is Sinusitis Diagnosed?
Sinusitis can be diagnosed by your psychian. In order to be diagnosed by your psychian, he or she will need to assess your medical history and will ask about the symptoms that you are experiencing. In addition, your doctor will conduct a physical exam, which will involve checking your ears, nose, and throat for any signs of inflammation (swelling), blockage, or draining. Then an endoscope, which is a small lighted instrument, is used to examine the inside of the nose. Depending on the complexity of your case, you may be referred to an ear, nose, and throat specialist (ENT). In certain cases, a computed tomography (CT scan), may be performed, if an imaging exam is necessary.
Complications Associated With a Sinus Infection
While complications associated with a sinus infection aren’t common, they can happen. An untreated sinus infection can become extremely severe and even life-threatening, which can lead to meningitis, brain infection, eye infection, or an infection of a nearby bone.
How is Sinusitis Treated?
Sinusitis can be treated many ways – treatment ultimately depends on the severity of the case of sinusitis.
A mild case of sinusitis can be treated with:
- Decongestants
- Over-the-counter cold and allergy medications
- Nasal irrigation
- Drinking fluids frequently
If symptoms persist for more than 10 days, your doctor will likely prescribe one or more of the following:
- Antibiotics
- Oral decongestants
- Topical decongestants
- Nasal steroid sprays
For chronic sinusitis, your doctor may focus on treating the underlying condition, which is typically allergies. Chronic sinusitis is typically treated with:
- Steroid nasal spray
- Topical antihistamine sprays
- Oral antihistamines
- Leukotriene modifiers
- Nasal rinse containing saline solutions that may also contain other medication
Do I Need Antibiotics Every Time I Get a Sinus Infection?
Because a large amount of sinus infections are caused by viruses, which are the ones that are caused by a common cold, these types of infections should not be treated with antibiotics. Viral infections are not cured by antibiotics and you can be at risk of any side effects from the antibiotic. Additionally, frequent or overuse of any antibiotic can result in antibiotic resistance, meaning that it can make any future infections even more difficult to treat.
Are There Alternative Therapies That Can Help Sinus Infections?
Some people may find acupressure, facial massages, or even acupuncture helpful if you wish to reduce symptoms of sinusitis. Generally, these alternative approaches are helpful with reducing pressure or pain. These alternative therapies do not have any side effects.
How Can I Prevent Sinusitis?
Some home remedies may help to prevent sinusitis, which include rinsing your nose out with salt water and taking certain medications that your doctor may recommend, such as allergy medicine or steroid nasal sprays. In addition, if you wish to prevent sinusitis, it is important to avoid particles that you are allergic to, such as dust, pollen, dander, smoke, and try to avoid sick people. Another helpful tip to reduce your risk of sinusitis is by washing your hands frequently and thoroughly to avoid getting a cold or flu.
Lifestyle Changes For Reducing Frequent Sinus Infections
There are many different lifestyle changes that may be helpful in reducing the frequency or severity of sinus infections, including:
- Avoiding dust, dander, pollen
- Allergy medications
- Avoid smoking (if you smoke)
- Drinking fluids to help thin out nasal secretions
When Should I See a Doctor For Sinusitis?
If symptoms persist for more than 10 days or if you experience frequent sinus infections, then it is a good idea to schedule an appointment with your doctor. Depending on your case, you may be referred to an ENT specialist.
Our team is here to help determine the underlying cause of your symptoms and can help provide a diagnosis of your case. Contact our team to schedule an appointment today!